Party divisions by Congress

Party divisions by Congress[edit]

The following table lists the party divisions for each United States Congress.

Note: Numbers in boldface denote the majority party at that particular time, while italicized numbers signify a Congress in which the majority party changed intra-term.

Congress	Years		Senate						House of Representatives						President
			Total	Anti- Admin[2]	Pro- Admin[3]	Others	Vacancies		Total	Anti- Admin	Pro- Admin	Others	Vacancies
1st	1789–1791		26	8	18	—	—		65	28	37	—	—		George Washington
2nd	1791–1793		30	13	16	—	1		69	30	39	—	—
3rd	1793–1795		30	14	16	—	—		105	54	51	—	—
Congress	Years		Total	Democratic- Republicans	Federalists	Others	Vacancies		Total	Democratic- Republicans	Federalists	Others	Vacancies		President
4th	1795–1797		32	11	21	—	—		106	59	47	—	—		George Washington[4]
5th	1797–1799		32	10	22	—	—		106	49	57	—	—		John Adams
6th	1799–1801		32	10	22	—	—		106	46	60	—	—
7th	1801–1803		34	17	15	—	2		107	68	38	—	1		Thomas Jefferson
8th	1803–1805		34	25	9	—	—		142	103	39	—	—
9th	1805–1807		34	27	7	—	—		142	114	28	—	—
10th	1807–1809		34	28	6	—	—		142	116	26	—	—
11th	1809–1811		34	27	7	—	—		142	92	50	—	—		James Madison
12th	1811–1813		36	30	6	—	—		143	107	36	—	—
13th	1813–1815		36	28	8	—	—		182	114	68	—	—
14th	1815–1817		38	26	12	—	—		183	119	64	—	—
15th	1817–1819		42	30	12	—	—		185	146	39	—	—		James Monroe
16th	1819–1821		46	37	9	—	—		186	160	26	—	—
17th	1821–1823		48	44	4	—	—		187	155	32	—	—
18th	1823–1825		48	43	5	—	—		213	189	24	—	—
Congress	Years		Total	Democrats[5]	National Republicans[6]	Others	Vacancies		Total	Democrats[5]	National Republicans[6]	Others	Vacancies		President
19th	1825–1827		48	26	22	—	—		213	104	109	—	—		John Quincy Adams[7]
20th	1827–1829		48	27	21	—	—		213	113	100	—	—
21st	1829–1831		48	25	23	—	—		213	136	72	5	—		Andrew Jackson
22nd	1831–1833		48	24	22	2	—		213	126	66	21	—
23rd	1833–1835		48	20	26	2	—		240	143	63	34	—
24th	1835–1837		52	26	24	2	—		242	143	75	24	—
Congress	Years		Total	Democrats	Whigs	Others	Vacancies		Total	Democrats	Whigs	Others	Vacancies		President
25th	1837–1839		52	35	17	—	—		242	128	100	14	—		Martin Van Buren
26th	1839–1841		52	30	22	—	—		242	125	109	8	—
27th	1841–1843		52	22	29	—	1		242	98	142	2	—		John Tyler[8]
28th	1843–1845		52	23	29	—	—		223	147	72	4
29th	1845–1847		58	34	22	—	2		228	142	79	7	—		James K. Polk
30th	1847–1849		60	38	21	1	—		220	110	116	4	—
31st	1849–1851		62	35	25	2	—		233	113	108	11	1		Zachary Taylor[9]
32nd	1851–1853		62	36	23	3	—		233	127	85	21	—		Millard Fillmore
33rd	1853–1855		62	38	22	2	—		234	157	71	6	—		Franklin Pierce
Congress	Years		Total	Democrats	Opposition[10]	Others	Vacancies		Total	Democrats	Opposition	Others	Vacancies		President
34th	1855–1857		62	39	21	2	—		234	83	100	51	—		Franklin Pierce
Congress	Years		Total	Democrats	Republicans	Others	Vacancies		Total	Democrats	Republicans	Others	Vacancies		President
35th	1857–1859		64	39	20	5	—		237	131	94	13	—		James Buchanan
36th	1859–1861		66	38	26	2	—		237	101	113	23	—
37th	1861–1863		50	11	31	7	1		178	42	106	28	2		Abraham Lincoln[11]
38th	1863–1865		51	12	29	—	—		183	80	103	—	—
39th	1865–1867		52	10	42	—	—		191	46	145	—	—		Andrew Johnson[12]
40th	1867–1869		53	11	42	—	—		193	49	143	—	1
41st	1869–1871		74	11	61	—	2		243	73	170	—	—		Ulysses S. Grant
42nd	1871–1873		74	17	57	—	—		243	104	136	3	—
43rd	1873–1875		74	19	54	—	1		293	88	203	—	2
44th	1875–1877		76	29	46	—	1		293	181	107	3	2
45th	1877–1879		76	36	39	1	—		293	156	137	—	—		Rutherford B. Hayes
46th	1879–1881		76	43	33	—	—		293	150	128	14	1
47th	1881–1883		76[13]	37	37	2	—		293	130	152	11	—		Chester A. Arthur[14]
48th	1883–1885		76	36	40	—	—		325	200	119	6
49th	1885–1887		76	34	41	—	1		325	182	140	2	1		Grover Cleveland
50th	1887–1889		76	37	39	—	—		325	170	151	4	—
51st	1889–1891		84	37	47	—	—		330	156	173	1	—		Benjamin Harrison
52nd	1891–1893		88	39	47	2	—		333	231	88	14	—
53rd	1893–1895		88	44	38	3	3		356	220	126	10	—		Grover Cleveland
54th	1895–1897		88	39	44	5	—		357	104	246	7	—
55th	1897–1899		90	34	46	10	—		357	134	206	16	1		William McKinley[15]
56th	1899–1901		90	26	53	11	—		357	163	185	9	—
57th	1901–1903		90	29	56	3	2		357	153	198	5	1		Theodore Roosevelt
58th	1903–1905	90	32	58	—	—	386	178	207	—	1
59th	1905–1907	90	32	58	—	—	386	136	250	—	—
60th	1907–1909	92	29	61	—	2	386	164	222	—	—
61st	1909–1911	92	32	59	—	1	391	172	219	—	—	William H. Taft
62nd	1911–1913	92	42	49	—	1	391	228	162	1	—
63rd	1913–1915	96	51	44	1	—	435	290	127	18	—	Woodrow Wilson
64th	1915–1917	96	56	39	1	—	435	231	193	8	3
65th	1917–1919	96	53	42	1	—	435	210	216	9[16]	—
66th	1919–1921	96	47	48	1	—	435	191	237	7	—
67th	1921–1923	96	37	59	—	—	435	132	300	1	2	Warren G. Harding[17]
68th	1923–1925	96	43	51	2	—	435	207	225	3	—	Calvin Coolidge
69th	1925–1927	96	40	54	1	1	435	183	247	5	—
70th	1927–1929	96	47	48	1	—	435	195	237	3	—
71st	1929–1931	96	39	56	1	—	435	163	267	1	4	Herbert Hoover
72nd	1931–1933	96	47	48	1	—	435	217	217	1	—
73rd	1933–1935	96	59	36	1	—	435	313	117	5	—	Franklin D. Roosevelt[18]
74th	1935–1937	96	69	25	2	—	435	322	103	10	—
75th	1937–1939	96	75	17	4	—	435	333	89	13	—
76th	1939–1941	96	69	23	4	—	435	262	169	4	—
77th	1941–1943	96	66	28	2	—	435	267	162	6	—
78th	1943–1945	96	57	38	1	—	435	222	209	4	—
79th	1945–1947	96	57	38	1	—	435	243	190	2	—	Harry S. Truman
80th	1947–1949	96	45	51	—	—	435	188	246	1	—
81st	1949–1951	96	54	42	—	—	435	263	171	1	—
82nd	1951–1953	96	48	47	1	—	435	234	199	2	—
83rd	1953–1955	96	46	48	2	—	435	213	221	1	—	Dwight D. Eisenhower
84th	1955–1957	96	48	47	1	—	435	232	203	—	—
85th	1957–1959	96	49	47	—	—	435	234	201	—	—
86th	1959–1961	98	64	34	—	—	437	283	153	1	—
87th	1961–1963	100	64	36	—	—	437	262	175	—	—	John F. Kennedy[19]
88th	1963–1965	100	67	33	—	—	435	258	176	—	1	Lyndon B. Johnson
89th	1965–1967	100	68	32	—	—	435	295	140	—	—
90th	1967–1969	100	64	36	—	—	435	247	187	—	1
91st	1969–1971	100	58	42	—	—	435	243	192	—	—	Richard Nixon[20]
92nd	1971–1973	100	54	44	2	—	435	255	180	—	—
93rd	1973–1975	100	56	42	2	—	435	242	192	1	—	Gerald Ford
94th	1975–1977	100	61	37	2	—	435	291	144	—	—
95th	1977–1979	100	61	38	1	—	435	292	143	—	—	Jimmy Carter
96th	1979–1981	100	58	41	1	—	435	277	158	—	—
97th	1981–1983	100	46	53	1	—	435	242	192	1	—	Ronald Reagan
98th	1983–1985	100	46	54	—	—	435	269	166	—	—
99th	1985–1987	100	47	53	—	—	435	253	182	—	—
100th	1987–1989	100	55	45	—	—	435	258	177	—	—
101st	1989–1991	100	55	45	—	—	435	260	175	—	—	George H. W. Bush
102nd	1991–1993	100	56	44	—	—	435	267	167	1	—
103rd	1993–1995	100	57	43	—	—	435	258	176	1	—	Bill Clinton
104th	1995–1997	100	47	53	—	—	435	204	230	1	—
105th	1997–1999	100	45	55	—	—	435	207	226	2	—
106th	1999–2001	100	45	55	—	—	435	211	223	1	—
107th	2001–2003	100	50[21]	50/49[22]	0/1[23]	—	435	212	221	2	—	George W. Bush
108th	2003–2005	100	48	51	1[23]	—	435	205	229	1	—
109th	2005–2007	100	44	55	1[23]	—	435	202	231	1	1
110th	2007–2009	100	49	49	2[24]	—	435	236	199	—	—
111th	2009–2011	100	56–58[25]	40–42[26]	2[24]	0-1	435	257	178	—	—	Barack Obama
112th	2011–2013	100	51	47	2[27]	—	435	193	242	—	—
113th	2013–2015	100	53	45	2[28]	—	435	201	234	—	—
114th	2015–2017	100	44	54	2[28]	—	435	188	247	—	—
115th	2017–2019	100	46/47	52/51	2[28]	—	435	194	241	—	—	Donald Trump
116th	2019–2021	100	44	51	2[28]	—	435	220	196	—	—
Congress	Years	Total	Democrats	Republicans	Others	Vacancies	Total	Democrats	Republicans	Others	Vacancies	President