William Clever's Wonderland.

2020年3月15日星期日

日米豪印首脳会合共同声明

　本日、我々、オーストラリアのアンソニー・アルバニージー首相、インドのナレンドラ・モディ首相、日本の岸田文雄首相、米国のジョー・バイデン大統領は、東京に集まり、包括的で強靭な、自由で開かれたインド太平洋への揺るがないコミットメントを新たにする。
　1年と少し前、首脳は初めて顔を合わせた。深刻な世界規模での困難の時代に、4か国が地域に具体的な利益をもたらすことにコミットした善を推進する力であることを示すため、本日、東京において、我々は4回目、そして対面では2回目となる会合を開催する。最初の協力の年において、我々は前向きで実践的なアジェンダへの4か国の献身を表明した。2年目には、我々はこの約束を果たし、21世紀においてこの地域をより強靭なものにすることにコミットしている。
　新型コロナウイルス感染症の世界的な大流行が依然として世界中で人的及び経済的苦痛を与え、国家間で一方的な行動を取る傾向が呈され、ウクライナでの悲劇的な紛争が激しさを増す中、我々は揺るがない。我々は、自由、法の支配、民主的価値、主権及び領土一体性、武力による威嚇又は武力の行使や現状を変更しようとするいかなる一方的な試みに訴えることなく紛争を平和的に解決すること、航行及び上空飛行の自由といった、いずれもインド太平洋地域及び世界の平和、安定及び繁栄に不可欠である原則を強く支持する。我々は、地域内外でこれらの原則を促進するため、断固として共に行動し続ける。我々は、各国がいかなる形態によっても軍事、経済、及び政治的に威圧されることのない、国際的なルールに基づく秩序を支持するという我々の決意を再確認する。

平和と安定

　我々は、ウクライナにおける紛争及び進行中の悲劇的な人道的危機に対するそれぞれの対応について議論し、そのインド太平洋への影響を評価した。4か国の首脳は、地域における平和と安定を維持するという我々の強い決意を改めて表明した。我々は、国際秩序の中心は国連憲章を含む国際法及び全ての国家の主権と領土一体性の尊重であることを明確に強調した。我々はまた、全ての国が、国際法に従って紛争の平和的解決を追求しなければならないことを強調した。
　4か国は、自由で開かれたインド太平洋のビジョンを共有する地域のパートナーとの協力にコミットしている。我々は、ASEANの一体性と中心性、そして「インド太平洋に関するASEANアウトルック」の実践的な実施に対する揺るぎない支持を再確認する。我々は、2021年9月に発表された欧州連合のインド太平洋における協力のためのEU共同コミュニケーション及び欧州のインド太平洋地域への関与強化を歓迎する。我々は、東シナ海及び南シナ海におけるものを含む、ルールに基づく海洋秩序に対する挑戦に対抗するため、国際法（特に国連海洋法条約（UNCLOS）に反映されたもの）の遵守並びに航行及び上空飛行の自由の維持を擁護する。我々は、係争のある地形の軍事化、海上保安機関の船舶及び海上民兵の危険な使用、並びに他国の海上資源開発活動を妨害する試みなど、現状を変更し、地域の緊張を高めようとするあらゆる威圧的、挑発的又は一方的な行動に強く反対する。
　我々は、太平洋島嶼国の経済状況を向上させ、健康インフラ及び環境強靭性を強化し、海上安全保障を改善するとともに漁業を維持し、持続可能なインフラを提供し、教育機会を強化し、この地域に特に深刻な課題をもたらす気候変動の影響を緩和させ、及び適応するため、個別に、及び集団的に、太平洋島嶼国との協力を更に強化する。我々は、太平洋島嶼国のパートナーのニーズに対応するために協力することにコミットする。我々は、太平洋諸島フォーラムの一体性及び太平洋の地域的安全保障枠組みへの支持を再確認した。
　我々は、多国間システムの改革と強靭性向上のための共通の優先事項を強化する国連を含む多国間システムでの協力について、我々及びパートナーとの間で深化させる。個別に、及び共同して、我々は、この地域が包摂的で、開かれ、かつ、普遍的なルール及び規範で統治されることを確保しつつ、今日の課題に対応していく。
　我々は、国連安保理決議に従った朝鮮半島の完全な非核化へのコミットメントを再確認し、また、日本人拉致問題の即時の解決の必要性を再確認する。我々はまた、国連安保理決議に違反した、不安定化をもたらす北朝鮮の複数の大陸間弾道ミサイル実験を含む弾道ミサイル開発及び発射を非難し、国際社会に対し、これらの決議を完全に履行するよう求める。我々は、北朝鮮に対し、国連安保理決議の下での全ての義務に従い、挑発行為を控えるとともに、実質的な対話に取り組むよう求める

2020年2月4日星期二

稻盛和夫讓日航轉虧為盈

科技金融，啟動跨界生態圈 l 4/14 FinTech應用高峰會，早鳥最後倒數！

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航空巨擘成功重建！日本經營之聖稻盛和夫：功勞不在我，而是全體員工的共同意識

2016/06/25

整理‧撰文

謝明彧

13,900

這是一場從負 1208 億日圓到正 2049 億日圓的起死回生。

2010 年 1 月 19 日，當時亞洲最大航空公司日本航空（JAL，簡稱日航），在歷經前一年單季破紀錄的 990 億日圓虧損，讓日本政府不得不緊急成立「日航挽救專案小組」並數度出手紓困後，依然抵擋不住全球金融海嘯的襲擊，全年虧損超過 1208 億日圓，被迫正式向東京地方法院申請破產保護、狼狽下市。日航以負債總額 2.3 兆日圓（約 260 億美元、7 千億新台幣）的規模，創下日本戰後史上第六、非金融業最大的企業破產案。

這家以日本為名、代表著國家門面的航空巨擘就此殞落，不只帶給日本國民極大震撼，更直接影響超過 40 萬名股東、約 5 萬名員工的家庭生計，如何再生？要花多久？甚至有沒有可能再生？成為當時所有日本媒體討論焦點。但面對天文數字的負債、1987 年成立以來已有過兩次瀕臨破產的不良紀錄，所有人都不看好它的重生。

然而短短兩年 8 個月後，日航挾著連續 3 年獲利突破 1800 億日圓、2011 年甚至創下史上最高 2049 億日圓獲利的紀錄，不只榮登全球航空公司獲利王，2012 年 9 月 19 日更風光地重新上市，上市當天便募得 6630 億日圓，成為當年全球第二大 IPO，為當初紓困的政府基金帶來一倍以上的獲利。如同日航在 2011 年重新換回的紅色展翅鶴鳥「鶴丸」標誌，它以浴火重生的鳳凰之姿，創造了令人難以置信的 V 型反轉，贏得了一片「驚異」「奇蹟」的讚嘆。

創造這場不可思議逆轉秀的主角，正是被重整委員會請託前往擔任日航董事長的京瓷名譽會長 —— 稻盛和夫。

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以無私的心、不接受報酬，承接沒人看好的重擔

稻盛是日本知名企業家，創立了京瓷與 KDDI 兩家世界 500 大企業，其中京瓷更是自創立以來每年都賺錢，讓他在日本有著「經營之聖」的美譽。然而，當日航重整委員會向稻盛提出請託時，稻盛第一時間是拒絕，「我已經高齡 78 歲了，饒了我吧！」更何況，日航傲慢的待客之道、落後的機艙環境，更讓稻盛對這家公司沒有好感，平常甚至拒絕搭乘。

但重整委員會會長瀨戶英雄向稻盛說道，「日航的再生，欠缺的正是一位強而有力的領導者。」在瀨戶心中，日航新領導者必須擁有 3 個條件：是一位創業家、擁有大企業經營經驗，以及具有國際知名度，放眼當時全日本，唯一符合這 3 個條件的，就只有稻盛一人。

這是一個成功率極低的挑戰，以稻盛所擁有的地位和名望，成功了，當然是可喜可賀、錦上添花；一旦失敗了，卻等於是幾十年來的名聲毀於一旦；加上稻盛雖說創立過兩大企業，但卻從來沒有任何航空產業經驗，因此不僅周遭親友全部齊聲阻止，甚至連日本管理大師大前研一都公開撰文反對。

然而面對瀨戶的堅決拜託，稻盛尋思，「這件事對國家與社會是不是有幫助？」從創業開始，稻盛就一直把員工與社會的幸福擺在個人私利之前，這次他一樣不斷自問，

「我做這件事是為了私心，還是為了公益？」

當他看清自己心中的無私，便毅然決然接下這個任務，以不接受報酬為條件，擔任日航董事長的職務。

2010 年 2 月，稻盛正式接任日航董事長，在歡迎會上，稻盛看到的不是熱烈期待的表情，而是不信任的狐疑，「我以一個航空業外人的角色，空降成為董事長，大家雖然不說，但臉上盡是不以為然，」稻盛在《鑽石週刊》的採訪中回憶道。

沒有航空業經營經驗，稻盛依然開始他的日航重整計畫。首先，稻盛從 3 月開始進行為期 4 個月的全日本走透透之旅，親自與日航各地的第一線人員交流、談話與握手，對象從總社員工、營業單位、後勤單位到外部包商，了解大家的想法，連結起組織高層與第一線人員的心。

改變員工經營意識，培養負責任的領導者

他發現，日航經營問題最大的核心，在於內部組織氣氛的敗壞。稻盛曾公開說過，造成日航當今惡果的，正是因為日航內部充滿了不負責任、官僚作風的高階主管，必須改變這些人的思維方式，讓他們成為具有責任感的領導者，日航重整才可能成功。以此出發，從 2010 年 6 月開始，稻盛親自帶領首批約 50 位日航主管，以一個月 17 次的頻率，密集徹底進行「領導者教育」。

學習會的內容，包含了經營者的基本哲學與心態，以及經營必備的會計思考與數字管理，強調經營就是做到「營收最大、成本最小」。領導者要帶領部屬達成這個目標，除了能力，更要具有讓人尊敬的人格與心性，才能促成團隊使命必達的熱誠。上完課後，稻盛甚至親自與員工進行餐會，從閒談中彼此切磋、討論、釋疑。一段時間下來，所有人都變得積極分享、意識改變，不只相信了稻盛所提倡的工作哲學，更建立起同伴間強而有力的凝聚力。

在此同時，稻盛也明確訂出日航的經營理念：「追求的全體社員物質與心靈兩方面的幸福，並提供顧客最好的服務，提升企業價值，為國家做出貢獻」，並不斷反覆在各種場合與員工說明。稻盛相信：

唯有當經營者與員工的心結為一體，企業才有機會走出困境、健康發展。

改革會計做法，讓即時數字彰顯公司現況

另一方面，稻盛徹底導入經營會計學，透過數字管理，讓原本混亂而看不清的經營實況變得清晰。稻盛表示自己接任日航董事長後，最吃驚的一點就是公司內各種統計數據不僅殘缺混亂，而且常常只能拿到 3 個月以前的資料，以致於經營者根本不知道公司當前的經營現況。

稻盛除了嚴格要求統計數據的製作與提報，同時導入他在京瓷所開發出來的阿米巴組織和單位時間利潤表制度，將原本的大部門拆解為 10 人左右的小團隊，並讓每個團隊相關各種營業數據都能做到當日回報，以徹底掌握經營的即時現況。

透過單位時間利潤的計算，稻盛徹底讓每個部門、每條航線的營業與成本進行揭露。以此出發進行成本的節省，稻盛大幅裁減了公司 1/3 約 1 萬 5600 名員工；將子公司從原本的 110 家縮減為 57 家；取消 26 條虧本的國內外航線；並用較小型飛機，取代現有 53 架耗油量大的大型飛機。日航的營業額因此從原本近 2 兆日圓降到 1.3 兆日圓，但獲利率卻從原本的 -3% 驟升到 17%，成為世界上最賺錢的航空公司。

更重要的，數字管理養成了全體員工對成本節約的意識，進而激發創意，不斷進行現有流程和做法的改善，稻盛表示，「小組織中的全體成員，一起看到小組織的經費明細，自己去想是否有哪裡浪費了？是否有更具效率的做法？」一旦所有人集思廣益，便能一起專注經營、提高效率。

從心態到工作方式都變了，稻盛帶領日航脫胎換骨成為一家充滿使命、熱情與積極努力的公司。稻盛接手當年讓日航轉虧為盈，第二年創下史上獲利新高，第三年就重新上市。隨著日航走上軌道、重新上市，稻盛也在今年 3 月正式宣布功成身退，交棒給出身日航內部的高階主管，退位成為名譽會長。

這場驚人成功的逆轉秀，是全體員工的意識改革帶來的具體成果。稻盛強調，日航的再生不是自己的功勞，而是員工找回了對公司的熱情，願意奮力為公司努力，成就日航成為浴火重生的「火鳳凰」。

2020年1月16日星期四

101年私醫英文

101 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

英文科答案

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B D D C A C A B A B

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

B D C A D B C D A C

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

D C C A C D B D A B

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

A C B C D D C B B A

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

A D A C D D B C B A

一、字彙（1~5 題，選出與畫底線部分意義最接近的選項；6~10 題，選出最適當的選項）

1. Some scientists think a good memory comes from heredity, while others say a good memory has a lot to do with practice.

(A) nurturance (B) inherence (C) acquisition (D) procurement

2. In some cases, heart diseases are compounded by high fat diets and low levels of activity.

(A) submitted (B) mitigated (C) reverted (D) exacerbated

3. Our way of fishing now is not sustainable—it can’t continue for a long time without damaging the environment.

(A) unjustifiable (B) insupportable (C) extreme (D) maintainable

4. You must take the most scrupulous care to keep the wound free from dirt.

(A) occasional (B) scornful (C) meticulous (D) average

5. A particularly virulent strain of flu virus has recently claimed a number of lives in the United States.

(A) noxious (B) tentative (C) tepid (D) pasteurized

6. Human memory _______ over time. That’s why old people tend to forget things easily.

(A) refreshes (B) rejuvenates (C) deteriorates (D) deliberates

7. The country is sliding into the depths of a _______. The stock market crash and the virtual collapse in the housing industry

have made quite an impact on the nation’s economy.

(A) recession (B) prosperity (C) boom (D) relay

8. _______ comes in many forms, from scratching a name on a wall to an enormous spray-painted mural.

(A) Giraffe (B) Graffiti (C) Germ (D) Gorgon

9. On-line lectures provide students _______ to knowledge that was previously unavailable.

(A) access (B) ouster (C) expulsion (D) discharge

10. The procedure did not fully cure the patient of his coronary atherosclerosis, and he is still _______ to future blockages and

coronary heart disease.

(A) arbitrary (B) susceptible (C) conspicuous (D) exempt

二、語法與用法（11~20 題，選出最適當的選項）

11. John has a large collection of stamps, _______ I’ve never seen before.

(A) many of them (B) many of which (C) many of whom (D) many of what

12. She offered neither an excuse nor _______ for her behavior.

(A) to apologize (B) apologized (C) apologizing (D) an apology

13. A: Didn’t Mary use to live in Boston?

B: _______ She lived in New York.

(A) Yes, she didn’t. (B) But she did. (C) No, she didn’t. (D) Neither did she.

14. All the visitors were surprised at how _______.

(A) spacious the campus is (B) is the campus spacious (C) the campus is spacious (D) is the campus spacious

15. A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn _______ act as they do.

(A) what cause to them (B) causes them to what (C) what to cause them (D) what causes them to

16. The more she thought about it, _______ she became.

(A) the more depressed it is (B) the more depressed (C) depressed more (D) it is more depressed

101 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

英文科試題本試題共 5 頁：第 2 頁

（如有缺頁或毀損，應立即舉手請監試人員補發）

17. Quinine, _______ used to cure malaria, was isolated from the bark of a cinchona.

(A) is a famous drug (B) is a famous drug whose (C) a famous drug (D) it is a famous drug

18. _______ by our presentation, the investor decided to finance our project.

(A) To impress (B) Impressing (C) Impresses (D) Impressed

19. _______ been diverted, they would have arrived early.

(A) Had the plane not (B) Hasn’t the plane (C) The plane had not (D) The plane not had

20. Future applications of nanotechnology could include tiny molecular robots that _______.

(A) is swimming through your bloodstream and is fighting diseases

(B) swimming through your bloodstream and fighting diseases

(D) your bloodstream were swum and disease were fought

三、短文填空（21~30 題，選出最適當的選項）

The cardiovascular system 21 the heart, blood vessels, and blood. From the heart, blood travels into the arteries and

their smaller branches. It continues to the capillaries. Then, it moves to the branches of the vein structure before 22 to the

heart. The heart serves as a pump. Arteries transport blood from the heart to body organs and tissues. Veins transport blood back

to the heart.

21. (A) is composing (B) is composing of (C) is composed (D) is composed of

22. (A) return (B) returned (C) returning (D) has returned

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kind of cat, from regular house cats to rare breeds. It’s my opinion that cats are the best pets, and after reading this blog, no one

will object that keeping a cat is a very good idea.

23. (A) windscreen (B) probation (C) proliferation (D) deficiency

24. (A) feline (B) canine (C) bovine (D) reptile

25. (A) improvised (B) supervised (C) familiarized (D) synthesized

You needn’t have tried aromatherapy to understand the therapeutic powers of essential oils. These magical liquids, 26

from a range of aromatic plants, offer a truly holistic therapy, because they work on both body and mind. When you put 27

oils in your evening bath to help you to relax, you are recreating the rituals that are thousands of years old. Hippocrates claimed

that the secret of health was an aromatic bath and a scented massage every day. Cleopatra often took a jasmine bath, while other

Egyptians blended oils to use as medicines. In Shakespearean Britain, women spread rosemary and lavender on floors to 28

and purify rooms. Now it has been shown in various scientific studies that many of these essential oils have powerful anti-septic

and anti-bacterial actions. It seems that every essential oil consists of hundreds of chemicals, all with potential healing and

medicinal properties. When an oil is 29 , these chemicals enter the body’s system and bloodstream. Compared to drugs, oils

have relatively weak effects. But this in itself makes the oils safe remedies. For this reason, aromatherapy is often introduced as

treatment 30 conventional medicine, to complement mainstream medical practices.

26. (A) cut (B) scorched (C) pushed (D) extracted

27. (A) irritant (B) soothing (C) sentimental (D) soft

28. (A) cleave (B) remove (C) destroy (D) cleanse

29. (A) inhaled (B) dismissed (C) vomited (D) inhibited

30. (A) between (B) alongside (C) next (D) together

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四、閱讀測驗（31~50 題，根據文章內容選出最適當的選項）

Passage #1

Up until now, the U.S. insurance industry has achieved growth simply by focusing on the large domestic market. However, a

continued growth in the coming years will likely require an expansion to international business. In the next decade, we should

see a number of changes in the structure and operations of life and property insurers in particular. The domestic market may be

slowing down. However, with world markets continuing to open up, there are increased market opportunities for U.S. companies

overseas. Already enjoying a solid international reputation, the U.S. insurance industry should be in a good position to gain a

competitive advantage over foreign rivals. More advanced technological developments should also lead to increased efficiency

and productivity throughout the industry. In summary, new products, reduced costs, and a focus on international market will lead

to a more competitive U.S. insurance industry. This should spell good news for both insurers and customers alike.

31.What is necessary for the growth of the U.S. insurance industry?

(A) Increased business activities outside of the U.S. (B) Focusing more on the domestic market

32.Which of the following is NOT a strength of the U.S. insurance industry?

(A) Its technological advancement (B) Its well-established reputation

33.What is the writer’s view on competitiveness in the U.S. insurance industry?

(A) There is too much of it at the moment. (B) The more of it, the better for insurers and customers.

34.The word “rivals” is closest in meaning to _______.

(A) sponsors (B) partners (C) competitors (D) employees

35.The word “spell” is closest in meaning to _______.

(A) condemn (B) nullify (C) abort (D) signify

Passage #2

Mesopotamia, meaning “land between the rivers,” is widely considered to be the cradle of civilization. It was here, in 5000

B.C., that people settled into an agricultural lifestyle by the mighty Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Because there was little rain, the

people depended on these rivers for their survival. The Mesopotamians created channels to distribute the flood waters that

flowed for a short duration each year to their crops. The efficiency of their irrigation systems allowed their society to flourish,

enabling them to create the world’s first towns and cities. At the center of each town stood a temple complex with food stores, a

treasury, and living spaces, all of which were incorporated into the overall design. Over time, these towns evolved into city-states,

eventually becoming an empire.

Soon there arose a need to keep reliable records of commodities traded, and out of this need, writing was born. The first

format that writing took was a code of symbols which corresponded to various items and numbers. These were carved into soft

clay and were known as cuneiform. This system proved to be very versatile and quickly spread to other uses. The Sumerian

scribes used it to record daily life and to write the first major literary work known to Western civilization. Perhaps the best

known of Mesopotamia’s civilizations was Babylon. During the second millennium B.C., it rose from a regional capital to

become the center of a kingdom that stretched across southern Iraq and beyond. Its king, Hammurabi, left his mark with a

remarkable collection of laws. Hammurabi’s code defined the constraints of private property, as well as legal decisions for

crimes, and family disputes.

Although it was eventually lost to the sands of time, Mesopotamia left a legacy of law, literature, and engineering for

modern civilizations to build on. In fact, much of what we know of that chapter in the region’s history has come from

excavations of ruined cities, supplemented by translations of ancient clay tablets.

36.Who were the first people to record their everyday life?

(A) The Babylonians (B) The Egyptians (C) The Iraqis (D) The Sumerians

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37.Which of the following statements about ancient Mesopotamians is NOT correct?

(A) They built efficient irrigation systems. (B) They settled into an agricultural lifestyle.

38.Why was cuneiform initially invented?

(A) To write poems and songs (B) To keep records of goods and transactions

39.Our knowledge of the Mesopotamia’s civilizations has mainly come from _______ finds.

(A) medical (B) archaeological (C) musical (D) biological

40.What does the author suggest in using the phrase “lost to the sands of time”?

(A) Ancient Mesopotamia existed in a long forgotten period of history.

(B) Mesopotamia is now buried beneath the desert of modern Iraq.

(D) The great city of Mesopotamia has been eroded by sandstorms.

Passage #3

Around the turn of the 20th century, the German physician Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915) described a debilitating brain cell

disease. This disease, later to bear his name, was both progressive and irreversible; that is, once the disease started, it slowly

destroyed brain tissue and made its victims progressively unable to remember dates or even recognize family members. In the

worst cases, patients were little better than vegetables.

The number of those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease increases because people are living longer. As many as a quarter of

those aged 80 years or older are afflicted with some degree of this life-robbing disease. Four million Americans suffer from this

disease.

A new study shows, however, that fish in the diet may prevent or at least slow down the onset of this terrible disease. Those

who eat fish may have a reduction in the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The study shows that fish contains a fatty acid

called omega-3, closely associated with brain tissue health.

41.The word “progressive” means _______.

(A) becoming worse (B) becoming easygoing step by step

42.What contributes to the observation of the growing number of Alzheimer’s disease nowadays?

(A) It has become more contagious today.

(B) Americans are especially vulnerable to the disease.

(D) People have a longer lifespan.

43.Which of the following food may contain the most omega-3?

(A) Tuna (B) Bread (C) Eggs (D) Beef

44.Which of the following is the most obvious symptom in a Alzheimer’s patient?

(A) Weight loss (B) Seizure (C) Memory loss (D) Stomachache

45.Which of the following statements about Alzheimer’s disease is NOT true?

(A) It was identified by Dr. Alzheimer from Germany.

(B) 25% of Americans aged 80 years or older suffer from Alzheimer’s disease.

(D) Alzheimer’s patients will die within one year.

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Passage #4

Hotels are changing their wasteful habits and getting involved in the move to save the environment. At most hotels

throughout the world, guests are being greeted by shampoo and mouthwash in glass dispensers instead of elaborate plastic

bottles. Guests can find recycling bins in their rooms and are encouraged to use towels more than once before they are washed.

This green movement is becoming increasingly popular among tourists who look for service providers with an environmental

conscience. The business of eco-tours is growing rapidly. Travel agents are booking clients on “Save the Rainforest” expeditions

and similar trips whose emphasis is on protecting the world. The tourists on these trips are given lectures on the effects of the

loss of our planet’s natural wonders and what they can do to reverse the trend. The travelers on these excursions are already

committed to environmental protection.

46.What movement is currently affecting hotels?

(A) Building larger rooms (B) Supplying more amenities (C) Providing lighter foods (D) Protecting the earth

47.What does the article imply about the practice of re-using towels?

(A) It’s a useless marketing strategy. (B) It’s a wise choice environmentally.

48.Which activity is NOT included in an eco-tour?

(A) “Save the Rainforest” trips (B) Travels with a purpose of protecting environments

49.What trend do the eco-tourists want to reverse?

(A) The environmental protection (B) The gradual loss of natural wonders

50.The word “excursions” is closest in meaning to .

(A) tours (B) exhilarations (C) sidewalks (D) transcripts

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102 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

英文科答案

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B B B C A A C D D C

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

C A D A B C A D B B

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

C B D D A B C A B D

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

D A C B D C A D B B

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

D B D C A A C C D A

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一、字彙（1~10 題，請選擇最適當的選項。）

1. Heavy rain, poor drainage and illegal building techniques caused the _____.

(A) drought (B) landslide (C) tsunami (D) monsoon

2. The merger between the two companies caused more _____.

(A) lay-ons (B) lay-offs (C) lay-downs (D) lay- outs

3. A temperature, headache and backache are some of the _____ of flu.

(A) notices (B) symptoms (C) signposts (D) monitors

4. Sharon faces the _____ of going abroad or staying in Taiwan.

(A) dignity (B) dilation (C) dilemma (D) diligence

5. The company hopes to _____ the new drug by next October.

(A) launch (B) undergo (C) confine (D) embrace

6. Iris, Cirque du Soleil’s new show, is a _____ to the world and the history of cinema.

(A) tribute (B) dispossession (C) fanaticism (D) voyeur

7. As a security guard, my brother’s job is to give careful _____ to people carrying large bags, since bags may be used for

shoplifting.

(A) sanctuary (B) sanitary (C) scrutiny (D) symmetry

8. Visitors can touch the sculptures in the Louvre’s Tactile Gallery as it is specifically designed for the blind and visually _____.

(A) discounted (B) conducted (C) instructed (D) impaired

9. Fat tends to _____ around the hips and thighs.

(A) accelerate (B) circulate (C) simulate (D) accumulate

10. The law makes wearing seat belts in cars _____.

(A) compensative (B) compromising (C) compulsory (D) compatible

二、片語（11~15 題，請選擇最適當的選項。）

11. _____ we have satisfied you, you have no further grounds of complaint.

(A) So that (B) Since that (C) Now that (D) By now

12. _____ the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.

(A) On behalf of (B) Owing to (C) Thanks to (D) With regard to

13. The plan for a new nuclear power plant went ahead _____ local opposition.

(A) because of (B) in addition to (C) in despite of (D) regardless of

14. I hope this money will _____ the inconvenience.

(A) make up for (B) make out (C) make over (D) make out of

15. I have already taken most of the things to my new office, but there are a few odds and _____ left to collect.

(A) odes (B) ends (C) evens (D) odor

三、語法與用法（16~20 題，請選擇最適當的選項。）

16. _____, you will find that people respect you more.

(A) If you did learn to keep your mouth shut (B) If you can to learn to keep your mouth shut

17. I am going to the barber’s _____.

(A) to get a hair cut (B) to cut my hair (C) cutting my hair (D) to have my hair cutting

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18. Tom has never been to Tokyo before. But this morning he talked about it as if he _____ there.

(A) is (B) were (C) has been (D) had been

19. Foods of animal origin generally supply greater amounts of protein and iron to the diet than _____.

(A) plant origin foods (B) do foods of plant origin (C) originally plant foods (D) are foods of plant origin

20. The human brain is _____ of other animals.

(A) than the larger brains (B) larger than the brains

四、短文填空（21~30 題，請選擇最適當的選項。）

Many stereotypes have developed around behavioral differences between the genders, although the 21 between the

male and female stereotypes are less 22 than they used to be. Gender stereotypes may 23 depending on ethnicity, and

they typically favor males.

The gender differences that do exist tend to be quite small. 24 , they are group differences that tell us little about

individuals. Nonetheless, some people still believe that the psychological differences between male and female are 25 .

Social role theory and social constructionism provide two explanations for this phenomenon.

21. (A) replications (B) validations (C) distinctions (D) correlations

22. (A) revival (B) rigid (C) revert (D) rear

23. (A) violet (B) reveal (C) unveil (D) vary

24. (A) Subsequently (B) Conversely (C) However (D) Moreover

25. (A) substantial (B) subtle (C) subjective (D) small

Everyone is an expert on something, 26 it is auto mechanics, baking brownies or martial arts. We usually speak best

about subjects 27 we are familiar. This is why teachers encourage students to 28 on their own knowledge and

experience in developing speech topics.

26. (A) being (B) whether (C) as if (D) while

27. (A) which (B) that (C) with which (D) in that

28. (A) capitalize (B) take it (C) call (D) spend time

Young smokers beware: On Monday it became illegal in Iowa for anyone under 18 to smoke a cigarette. If 29

smoking, chewing or even possessing tobacco by the police, an underaged offender could be fined 30 $100, yanked off the

street or out of the shopping mall and taken home in the backseat of a squad car.

29. (A) catching (B) caught (C) was caught (D) to catch

30. (A) as soon as (B) as long as (C) as far as (D) as much as

五、閱讀測驗（31~50 題，請選擇最適當的選項。）

Passage 1

Since ancient times, people have practiced the art of physiognomy, or reading character from physical features. The ancient

Greeks compared the human face to the faces of various animals, such as the eagle and the horse. They believed people shared

certain character traits with the animals they resembled. A person with an equine, or horselike, face was thought to be loyal, brave,

and stern. A person with an aquiline, or eaglelike, nose was believed to be bold and courageous, as well as arrogant and

self-centered.

A related - though not as ancient - art is phrenology, the study of the bumps on the head. Phrenologists have identified 40

bumps of various shapes and sizes on the human head. They “read” these bumps to identify a person’s talents and character. For

example, a bump between the nose and forehead is said to be present in people who have natural elegance and a love of beauty. A

bump behind the curve of the ear is the sign of a courageous and adventurous person.

Phrenology was developed in the early eighteenth century by Franz Joseph Gall, a doctor in Vienna. His interest began at

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school when he noticed that boys with prominent eyes seemed to have the best memories. This led him to believe that a

connection existed between appearance and ability. Dr. Gall’s research interested many people, but he was ridiculed by other

doctors. When he died in 1828, he was a poor and bitter man. It was only many years later that Dr. Gall’s theories found support

among some doctors and scientists, and today the art of phrenology has become more accepted.

31. What does the word “stern” mean?

(A) unhappy (B) faithful (C) confident (D) serious

32. Physiognomists believe that .

(A) physical features show personality.

(B) the eyes are the “mirror of the soul.”

(D) studying your face helps to improve your personality.

33. Regarding Dr. Gall’s ideas, which statement is true?

(A) His ideas are not discussed anymore.

(B) His ideas were immediately considered the work of a genius.

(D) His ideas did not interest many people.

34. Which statement is true?

(A) Phrenology is a much more ancient art than physiognomy.

(B) The anceint Greeks compared the human face to those of animals.

(D) Physiognomy is a modern practice.

35. Why did Dr. Gall want to study phrenology?

(A) He wanted to undertstand human behavior.

(B) He wanted to be famous and rich.

(D) He was looking for a scientific way of explaining the connection between appearance and ability.

Passage 2

You may have the same shoe size as someone else. You may also have the same color eyes or hair. But there is one thing

that cannot be the same. That is your fingerprints. No two fingerprints are alike. The curving lines on each finger make a pattern.

Each print never changes, except to get bigger as you grow.

What good are fingerprints? First, they help us to hold things. You know how the lines on a tire help it grip the road.

Fingerprints help us grip things the same way. Fingerprints also help police identify people. Police look for fingerprints where a

crime has taken place. Dust is used to show the fingerprints. It can show prints on metal, wood, or even paper.

Before 1903, police did not use fingerprints. They identified people only by their pictures and body size. Then a strange

thing happened. Police found two prisoners in Kansas. One was named Will West. The other was named William West. Both men

looked the same. The only way to tell them apart was by checking their fingerprints.

36. Fingerprints never change except to get .

(A) darker (B) lighter (C) bigger (D) smaller

37. Without fingerprints, we might find it harder to .

(A) hold things (B) drop things (C) lift things (D) forget things

38. If police did not check fingerprints, they might .

(A) take more pictures (B) find more prisoners (C) use special dust (D) get people mixed up

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Passage 3

You probably think you have to be big and buff to benefit from weight-lifting, but in reality, you do not. You just need to

learn how to weight train properly in order to get the results you want. Everyone wants a perfect body. For a guy, the ideal image

is broad shoulders, big pecs, and a six pack. For a girl, it is a well-toned body. But looking good on the outside is not necessarily

the same as being healthy on the inside. To be healthy, you need to eat a good diet and get lots of exercise. Weight-lifting can be

part of an exercise program, but it is important to distinguish weight-lifting facts from myths.

One myth about weight training is that you have to work out everyday. Muscle tissue needs at least 48 hours to recover

from hard exercise, so working the same muscle two days in a row is over-training and provides no benefit. Arnold

Schwarzenegger once said: “It is not how many hours you put in, it is what you put in the hours.” It is not good to strain your

muscles, but it is good to work out hard. Forty-five minutes to an hour in the gym four to five times per week is enough for young

people. Your body actually gains strength and mass while you rest, so it is also important to get plenty of sleep.

39. Which of the following statements is probably true according to the passage?

(A) Most people think that size does not matter in weight-lifting.

(B) To be healthy, weight-lifting is not enough.

(D) Weight-lifting should not be included in an exercise program.

40. According to the passage, which statement is probably INCORRECT?

(A) To work out everyday does not provide as much benefit to building muscle mass as many people think.

(B) Since your body actually gains strength and mass while you rest, you should work the same muscle every day.

(D) If you exercise one muscle one day, you should not exercise the same muscle the following day.

41. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Every man and woman would like to have a perfect body.

(B) Having a well-toned body does not necessarily mean you are very healthy.

(D) You should weight train properly in order to get the results you want.

Passage 4

Obesity is a common health problem. The criteria for obesity vary considerably. One simple, intermediate criterion is to

classify people as obese if their weight exceeds their ideal body weight by 20%. If this criterion is used, 31% of men and 35% of

women in the United States qualify as obese. Many experts prefer to assess obesity in terms of body mass index (BMI)—weight

(in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared (kg/m2

). This increasingly used index of weight controls for variations in

height. A BMI of 25.0-29.9 is typically regarded as overweight, and a BMI over 30 is considered obese. Although American

culture seems to be obsessed with slimness, recent surveys show surprisingly sharp increases in the incidence of obesity. If a BMI

over 25 is used as the cutoff, over 50% of American adults are struggling with weight problems!

Obesity is similar to smoking in that it exerts a relatively subtle impact on health that is easy for many people to ignore.

Nevertheless, the long-range effects of obesity can be quite dangerous. Obesity is a significant health problem that elevates one’s

mortality risk. Overweight people are more vulnerable than others to heart diseases, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory problems,

gallbladder diseases, stroke, arthritis, muscle and joint pain, and back problems.

42. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?

(A) Obesity rate in the United States (B) Causes of obesity

43. According to the information given in the passage, obesity and smoking are similar in that .

(A) they both can cause incurable diseases

(B) they are both risk factors that can shorten life span

(D) they both can cause health problems that may not be immediately apparent

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44. The word “significant” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

(A) ambiguous (B) multi-faceted (C) noticeable (D) terrifying

45. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) American society has an obsession with being thin so obesity rates have declined in recent years.

(B) Obese people are more likely than people of normal weight to develop serious health problems such as diabetes, heart

diseases and other health conditions.

(D) There are a number of different approaches to the measurement of obesity.

Passage 5

Work is easily measured by labor force participation rates—the percentage of a given population that is either working or is

actively seeking work (i.e., unemployed). Measuring retirement, however, is less straightforward, as retirement can be more of a

process than an event. Recent analysis found that at least one-third of older men and nearly half of older women used transitionary

“bridge” jobs before completely leaving the job market. In such instances, people transition from full-time work to part-time work

before retiring. People can also receive Social Security retirement benefits or other pension/retirement income yet still be

employed. In fact, the Current Population Survey indicates that 12 percent of elderly men and 7 percent of elderly women report

that in 2000 they worked yet still received pension income.

This leads to a variety of ways to measure retirement. Labor force participation rates provide one measure of potential

retirement behavior. More precisely, it is the change in rates which indicate changes in retirement behavior. One definition of the

average age of retirement is the age at which half of the population is in the labor force and the other half is out. Another indicator

is receipt of Social Security retirement benefits or other pension/retirement income. As mentioned, though, receipt of such

payments does not preclude continued employment. Economists typically classify someone as retired if the majority of their

income is from Social Security, pensions, and/or savings even if they still are in the paid workforce. Many retirement-based

surveys rely on how a respondent defines his or her retirement status.

46. The word “straightforward” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

(A) simple (B) ambiguous (C) complex (D) enigmatic

47. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?

(A) Percentage of people who worked yet still received pension retirement income

(B) Ways to measure retirement

(D) Definition of average age of retirement

48. The word “preclude” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

(A) result in (B) contribute to (C) rule out (D) equal to

49. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) The change in labor force participation rates can indicate the change in retirement behavior.

(B) A bridge job refers to part-time work people take after leaving a career but before retiring completely.

(D) Receipt of retirement benefits or pension income is required for continued employment.

50. Which of the following is NOT a way to measure retirement?

(A) One’s job transition plan

(B) One’s sources of income

(D) One’s self-reported retirement status

103年私醫英文

103 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B A A D B A D D A A

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

B C C C D A C D C D

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

A A C D B B B A B C

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

B D C D C D A B C C

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

C B A C B D D A A C

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一、字彙（1~10 題，請選出最適當的選項；11~15 題，請選出與劃底線部分意義最接近的選項。）

1. Imagine this: You are waiting at a bus stop when you begin to smell the _____ of chocolate chip cookies baking nearby.

(A) scene (B) scent (C) scend (D) scant

2. The accident left my car with _____ damage to its front and left sides.

(A) extensive (B) defensive (C) suspicious (D) gorgeous

3. The_____, or strength, of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale, ranging from 1 to 10.

(A) magnitude (B) attitude (C) latitude (D) altitude

4. In the conditions of extremely cold and high winds, even aircraft fuel can freeze, and making a landing to bring people out

would be _____.

(A) inspirational (B) encourageable (C) restless (D) reckless

5. This restaurant’s _____ must not be working; that’s why we can smell the smoke from the kitchen.

(A) authenticity (B) ventilation (C) accreditation (D) accomodation

6. Trying to get everyone’s attention, Edward _____ tapped his spoon on the dish.

(A) deliberately (B) refreshingly (C) silently (D) thankfully

7. A police officer takes money from a driver so that he does not give the driver a ticket for speeding. This is called _____.

(A) bankrupcy (B) benefit (C) bonus (D) bribery

8. Jill’s parents always let her do anything she wanted. They were too _____ with her.

(A) strict (B) aggressive (C) overprotective (D) lenient

9. The insurance company paid him $2,000 as _____ for the loss of his car.

(A) compensation (B) competition (C) commission (D) concentration

10. Winners of lottery better get advice from financial experts about how to best invest their _____.

(A) windfall (B) fallout (C) mantra (D) chandelier

11. The postwar era was one of the periods of affluence for the working class.

(A) vitriol (B) wealth (C) apology (D) lingua franca

12. She feels great to cooperate with people working so diligently on such a(n) intricate piece.

(A) plain (B) interesting (C) complicated (D) dull

13. In the desert, the temperature fluctuates widely between night and day.

(A) moderates (B) combines (C) varies (D) regulates

14. She gave him a(n) ingratiating and appealing smile, and took his hand so that he might not go away.

(A) asparagus (B) mortifying (C) pleasing (D) concentric

15. Even though Jackson was smaller than his teammates, his persistent attitude allowed him to accomplish as much as they did.

(A) susceptible (B) dispirited (C) filthy (D) tenacious

二、語法與用法（16~25 題，請選出最適當的選項。）

16. Lead _____ as a material for sculpting since ancient Greece.

(A) has been used (B) being used (C) has used (D) used

17. _____ by the news of her colleague’s promotion, Lucy felt depressed all day long.

(A) Having shocked (B) Be shocked (C) Shocked (D) Shocking

18. The way companies market their toys to boys and girls _____.

(A) differ (B) differing (C) is differs (D) differs

19. My new glasses cost me _____ the last pair that I bought.

(A) times three (B) three times more (C) three times as much as (D) as much three times as

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20. Only after food is dried _____.

(A) that it can be stored for later consumption (B) it can be stored for later consumption

21. Cohen explains in his article how people in America are still experiencing bigotry and intolerance for _____.

(A) being the race they are (B) having the race they are (C) they be race (D) which be the race

22. _____, the region would become a wasteland, incapable of supporting human settlements.

(A) If such measures were not taken (B) If such measures have not taken

23. _____ a student would learn from working in a shelter for the victims of domestic abuse would surely surpass the outcome of

his or her time spent in racquetball class.

(A) Which (B) Where (C) What (D) With

24. MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games) have become _____ popular in the classroom.

(A) increase (B) increased (C) increasing (D) increasingly

25. The CT scan has a major advantage over normal radiographs _____ it allows the doctor to see soft tissue lesions.

(A) because of (B) in that (C) because that (D) is that

三、短文填空（26~30 題，請選出最適當的答案。）

Passage 1

Using RFID in stores puts people’s privacy 26 . When you buy a product with an RFID tag, the store can continue to

monitor the chip’s location after your purchase. 27 , no matter where you go—home, work, or out to dinner—your location

can be identified.

26. (A) at times (B) at risk (C) at pleasure (D) at wink

27. (A) In spite (B) In other words (C) In contrast (D) On behalf

Passage 2

My father picked me up on my last junior high school day. As I showed him my final report card, tears ran down his face.

He cried with pride, because he knew how hard I had worked to scrape a borderline pass, and he cried with sadness for what this

would mean for my future.

I had 28 made it. I spent countless hours torturing my eyes with letters that slid away. No matter how diligently I

threw myself at the slope of institutionalized education, my results kept slipping. My teachers didn’t know why. They thought I

was just plain stupid.

What 29 an average person five minutes to read takes me thirty. Reading for me is like trying to sprint in water. My

eyes move quickly across the page, but my mind cannot 30 the words in time. The words bounce off a brick wall in my

head. The only way they break through is forcing myself to read at a much slower pace.

28. (A) barely (B) recently (C) completely (D) occasionally

29. (A) gives (B) takes (C) works (D) costs

30. (A) sort (B) print (C) process (D) bear

四、閱讀測驗（31~50 題，請選出最適當的選項。）

Passage 1

“It’s not what you know; it’s who you know.” This old saying, while not entirely accurate, contains an element of truth.

When it comes to planning careers and seeking jobs, networking pays off. Networking—the process of taking advantage of

relationships with other people for career or professional purposes—can be a key part of occupational success. You can let various

people in your life know that you are seeking employment or advice.

Just how do you get involved in networking? You’re probably already part of several networks. Wherever you live, you

probably have neighbors. You also have a number of other acquaintances. Add those people you know from your own activities,

such as religious groups, clubs, or volunteer organizations, and you’ve just put together your own pool of contacts.

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31. Networking here is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) a group of like-minded classmates

(B) the cultivation of productive connections for employment or business

(D) a program giving training to increase educational opportunities for individuals in communities

32. Which of the following is most unlikely to be included in networks?

(A) The girl who lives next door. (B) The priest in the church that you go to.

33. The phrase putting together your own pool of contacts is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) taking advantage of your friends’ personal weaknesses

(B) making people like you by any means

(D) swimming in a pool with friends

Passage 2

Are you superstitious? Before you answer “no”, think about the little things you do now and then. For instance, do you

always use a certain pen for tests? There are superstitions for everything. According to the people of Braga, Portugal, there is a

statue that can ensure marriage. Legend has it that if a woman walks around this statue three times, she will hear wedding bells in

the near future. If you are eager for marriage, it might be worth doing. Of course, if you really want to get married, you had better

work hard to accomplish the goal instead of leaving it to superstition. After all, while you cannot rely on luck, you can always rely

on your own actions!

34. What is the writer’s tone?

(A) Worried (B) Excited (C) Amazed (D) Skeptical

35. According to the writer, what will ensure a wedding?

(A) Walking around the statue in Braga. (B) Asking the people of Portugal for help.

Passage 3

The legal drinking age should be lowered from 21 to about 18 or 19, and young people should be allowed to drink in the

presence of adults in such settings as restaurants, taverns and pubs and at official school and university functions. Allowing young

people to consume alcohol in such controlled environments would enable them to learn mature and sensible drinking behaviors.

The defiance of current drinking-age laws is readily apparent among university students. Students under age 21 are more likely to

be heavy, or binge drinkers—those who consume over five drinks at one sitting at least once a week; 22 percent of students

under age 21 classify themselves as heavy drinkers, compared with 18 percent of students over age 21.

36. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT correct?

(A) The legal drinking age is 21.

(B) Those under age 21 are not allowed to drink even in the presence of adults.

(D) Allowing young people to drink in controlled environments may help them stop drinking.

37. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word defiance?

(A) Open refusal to obey something, such as a rule.

(B) Eating something quickly and thoroughly.

(D) The legal process of deciding that someone’s will has been properly made.

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38. There are 22 percent of students under age 21 classifying themselves as heavy drinkers because _____.

(A) students over age 21 love drinking too much

(B) students under age 21 tend to challenge current drinking-age laws

(D) students over age 21 do not go to taverns and pubs as frequently as students under age 21 do

39. The phrase binge drinkers in the passage means _____.

(A) drinkers who like to play bingo, a game of chance

(B) drinkers who are under age 21

(D) drinkers who usually drink at restaurants and show mature behaviors, namely people with self-control

Passage 4

Traditionally, mental tests have been divided into two types. Achievement tests are designed to measure acquired skills and

knowledge, particularly those that have been explicitly taught. The proficiency exams required by some states for high school

graduation are achievement tests. Aptitude tests are designed to measure a person’s ability to acquire new skills or knowledge. For

example, vocational aptitude tests can help you decide whether you would do better as a mechanic or musician. However, all

mental tests are in a sense achievement tests because they assume some sort of past learning or experience with certain objects,

words, or situations. The difference between achievement and aptitude tests is one of degree and intended use.

40. The author’s main purpose in this passage is to _____.

(A) show the importance of testing (B) relate a story about aptitude and achievement tests

41. This passage would most likely appear in .

(A) an art journal (B) a novel (C) a psychology textbook (D) an altas

42. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this passage?

(A) Aptitude and achievement tests are interchangeable.

(B) An aptitude test might be helpful to a person contemplating a career move.

(D) Tests are a means of acquiring skills and knowledge.

43. The paragraph preceding this one would probably deal with .

(A) other types of psychological testing (B) the relation between education and achievement

44. The author’s attitude toward the subject of mental tests is .

(A) indifferent (B) critical (C) objective (D) emotional

Passage 5

A headache is more than just a pain in the head. Sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be involved in a headache. It

ranks among the most common physical complaints. Two of the most common types of headaches are migraines and tension

headaches. Possible causes of migraine headaches include lack of sleep, stress, or flashing flights. The symptoms include blurry

vision and vomiting. Another common type of headache is the tension headache. A person will feel tense if he or she is too

anxious about something at work or school. Also, doing a repetitive activity in the same position for a long time can result in a

bad headache. The neck and head muscles become tense, and the headache begins.

Some methods to prevent migraines include taking deep breathes and lying down to rest in a dark room. Another method

is to imagine scenes in which one feels warm and comfortable. Bright or flashing lights should be avoided. For a tension headache,

one can relax tired muscles with a massage or head, neck, and shoulder exercises. In order to deal with different sources of stress,

experts recommend doing activities that can help release stress, such as meditation or yoga. In addition to that, some

over-the-counter medications such as aspirin might also help. However, if one has a headache and the symptoms persist over

several days, one should see a doctor for further treatment.

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45. What would be the best title for this passage?

(A) Methods to Prevent Headaches (B) Causes and Prevention of Common Headaches

46. According to this passage, which of the following may prevent a headache?

(A) Drinking cold water (B) Eating healthy food

Passage 6

Have you ever felt you were being watched? Some new technologies might make you feel that way. Digital billboards are

being created with ability to recognize certain characteristics. These high-tech devices have cameras pointed at the people on the

street, and software that tries to recognize people by age and gender. A computer inside the billboard then uses the information to

display ads that are directed at the people who are looking at the billboard. For example, if a man passes a billboard featuring an

ad for cosmetics, the computer can change the ad to something that is more likely to catch the man’s attention, such as football

games.

While advertisers see this as a great opportunity to reach their target customers, some people feel that this kind of profiling

is an invasion of their privacy. People are now much more aware of how information is exposed, shared, bought, and sold on the

Internet. Now this debate will involve technologies such as “smart” billboards. But advertisers claim that they are sensitive to

people’s concerns about privacy—companies that have tested the billboards in Japan and the U.S. assure consumers that the

billboards can only guess your age and gender, but they will not be able to recognize your face or obtain any personal information

about you.

Until recently, this kind of personal advertising has been mostly limited to the Internet. Search engines like Google and

Bing can follow what we search for because each computer that connects to those sites has a unique identity. Companies then pay

search engines to use this information to display ads for products and services that you have searched for. So if you search for

travel information, you are likely to see ads for airlines and hotels. This kind of advertising has proven to be much more

effective—and valuable—than traditional advertising.

In addition to taking steps to deliver more personalized messages, advertisers are using billboards to offer more useful

information. Digital billboards can connect to the Internet to display information such as the time, weather, and news headlines. In

the future, this technology could be used to relay immediate social events.

In today’s world, people ignore thousands of ads every day. Advertisers are trying to change that trend by personalizing the

experience of seeing an ad. So pay attention: next time you see a billboard, it could be talking to you.

47. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

(A) High-tech billboards do not collect personal information.

(B) People do not mind the billboards tested in Japan and in the U.S.

(D) People are worried about information collection initiated by companies using digital billboards.

48. Why is Google mentioned in the passage?

(A) It is an example of a search engine that sells information to companies.

(B) It is better than other search engines in gathering information.

(D) It plans to develop better ways to profile Internet users.

49. According to the passage, a Bing user is likely to when looking for travel information.

(A) be exposed to ads for hotels (B) become a pilot

50. What is the reason for advertisers using high-tech billboards?

(A) It is cheaper to make high-tech billboards. (B) Advertising effects of digital billboards are mixed.

104年私醫英文

104 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

C B A C D B D D A D

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

D B B B C A B C A D

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

C A B A B C A B A D

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

D C A D B B A D C D

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

A B D A B D A C A A

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一、字彙（1~8 題，請選出最適當的選項；9~10 題，選出與畫底線部分意義最接近的選項）

1. In order to solve the problems of overpopulation in overcrowded cities, engineers have begun huge projects working on ways

to improve the cities’ and the public transportation.

(A) rehabilitation (B) conjuncture (C) infrastructure (D) evacuation

2. The implications for telemedicine are far-reaching, and have the potential to completely ______ the health care industry for

the better.

(A) paste (B) transform (C) breakthrough (D) depict

3. Beekeepers are usually so that they will not feel severe pains of bee stings.

(A) desensitized (B) delineated (C) devastated (D) defrauded

4. The explosion was so powerful that it _____ many buildings in the southern suburbs.

(A) flourished (B) validated (C) obliterated (D) manifested

5. Jennifer got married at age 18, but in ______, she thinks she should have waited till she was older.

(A) backward (B) dilemma (C) prestige (D) retrospect

6. Some independent film makers like to shoot movies in Kaohsiung City because the city government _____ the film

productions.

(A) substitutes (B) subsidizes (C) subordinates (D) subjugates

7. Going into the outer space will give you the sense of weightlessness, and you’ll experience the blackness of space and see the

_____ of the earth.

(A) repugnance (B) resemblance (C) benevolence (D) curvature

8. Some of the animals in the zoo can be _____. Biting is a serious possibility.

(A) compassionate (B) enchanting (C) amicable (D) aggressive

9. Whether as workers or objects of affection, dogs have certainly proven themselves beneficial to humans in many ways.

(A) fondness (B) influence (C) burden (D) pride

10. The flower known as the daisy resembles a miniature sun with its yellow disc and rays of white or pink.

(A) bright (B) multicolored (C) gigantic (D) tiny

二、語法與用法（11~20 題，請選出最適當的選項）

11. The hip pop star must be so popular. Fans _____ in the queue for over 5 hours to buy her concert tickets.

(A) had waited (B) waited (C) are waiting (D) have been waiting

12. Some people can plan to awaken at a certain time in the morning. _____ more than fifteen minutes or so off schedule.

(A) Rarely they are (B) Rarely are they (C) Rarely have they (D) Rarely they have

13. Experts say that many more people would have survived from the fire if they _____.

(A) would get off the building as quickly as possible (B) had gotten off the building immediately

14. According to the research by psychologists, fans of heavy metal and rock music are usually _____ and enjoy taking risks.

(A) actively physically (B) physically active (C) physical actively (D) physical active

15. _____ they have a new baby, they rarely get a good night’s sleep.

(A) Despite that (B) Even (C) Now that (D) Unless

16. San Francisco is a paradise for cultural activities and attractions. Some like to visit historical museums, _____ others like to

visit art galleries.

(A) whereas (B) despite of (C) accordingly (D) in that

17. Although the city is relatively unaffected by extreme weather in comparison with other cities, there are now more typhoons

than _____.

(A) it used to (B) there used to be (C) was there (D) it has been

18. He’s the best opponent I’ve _____ this season, a great player.

(A) come out (B) taken away (C) come across (D) taken up

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19. Japanese _____ one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.

(A) has become (B) became (C) become (D) is

20. To take advantage of the sales promotion of the supermarket, many shoppers start to buy things _____.

(A) at large (B) in terms (C) off base (D) in bulk

三、短文填空（21~35 題，請選出最適當的選項）

Passage 1

A solar-powered airplane landed in India on March 10, 21 the second leg of its bid to become the first aircraft to

circle the world by solar energy alone. Solar Impulse 2, 22 in Abu Dhabi, will make 12 stops on its 22,000-mile (35,000

km) journey.

21. (A) will complete (B) to be completed (C) completing (D) completed

22. (A) which launched (B) that has started (C) it took off (D) would rise

Passage 2

Life has taught me that sometimes when people behave badly with you, it is because of some unhappiness that they are

carrying around with them, 23 that has nothing to do with you. I wish I 24 more gentle with people in that situation

and not reacted so angrily. 25 you find out what’s really going on, the whole relationship can change.

23. (A) due to (B) a problem (C) it is because (D) you know

24. (A) had been (B) was (C) can be (D) would be

25. (A) Because (B) Once (C) Finally (D) At last

Passage 3

According to the World Resources Institute, approximately 38% of the world’s population could face chronic water

shortages by the year 2025. It is estimated that humans use 45 times as 26 water as they did three centuries ago. All over the

globe, humans are pumping water out of the ground faster than it can be 27 . The United Nations recently outlined the

severity of the problem, saying that more people will suffer a high level of water stress if consumption continues at current rates.

Several factors contribute to water shortages. Irrigation, which grows 40 percent of the world’s food and makes it possible

to feed the plant’s 6.2 billion people, 28 the largest percentage of water use. Another problem is that people don’t see the

need to conserve water. If people can 29 the seriousness of the situation, they may be more willing to take action and use

less water. In addition, it has been found that some places were rife with broken water pipes, leaky toilets, and faulty plumbing

30 a lot of water was simply being wasted.

26. (A) more (B) many (C) much (D) less

27. (A) replenished (B) refurbished (C) abolished (D) vanished

28. (A) comes up with (B) accounts for (C) comes by (D) keeps up with

29. (A) discern (B) disdain (C) disperse (D) distract

30. (A) in where (B) which (C) wherever (D) whereby

Passage 4

As a person reads, he has his own writing experience to fall back upon. His understanding of what he reads, and his feelings

about it, are 31 , and deepened, by his possession of writing as a 32 of communicating. As a child begins to learn

reading, he begins to acquire the rudiments of writing. 33 these two skills are always acquired together is important and not

coincidental. As the child learns to read words, he needs to understand that a word is something he can write himself, though his

muscle control may temporarily prevent him 34 it clearly. That he wields such power over the words he is struggling to

decipher 35 the reading experience a satisfying one right from the start.

31. (A) necessary affected (B) necessarily affecting (C) necessary affecting (D) necessarily affected

32. (A) mean (B) meaning (C) means (D) meanings

33. (A) That (B) It (C) Which (D) What

34. (A) to write (B) to writing (C) write (D) from writing

35. (A) make (B) makes (C) making (D) made

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四、閱讀測驗（36~50 題，請選出最適當的選項）

Passage 1

If we want to live longer, we can no longer afford to inhale air contaminated with particulate matter. Particulate

matter—also known as particulates—is microscopic solid or liquid matter floating in the Earth’s atmosphere. Sources of

particulate matter can be natural or man-made. Particulates which occur naturally may originate from volcanoes, dust storms, or

forest fires. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, coal combustion, and various industrial processes

also generate significant amounts of particulates.

Fine particles, with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less, are the most lethal form of air pollution because they are able to

penetrate deep into the lungs and blood streams unfiltered, which in turn may cause permanent DNA mutations, heart attacks, and

premature death. In addition, particulate matter exposure is also linked to an increased risk of stroke by its narrowing effects on

the arteries.

Particulate matter can clog minute pores of plant leaves and interfere with photosynthesis functions. It has been found that

high particulate matter concentrations in the atmosphere can lead to stunted growth or mortality in some plant species.

36. According to the passage, which of the following activities is unlikely to generate particulates?

(A) burning coal (B) meditation

37. What is the main idea of the passage?

(A) causes and impacts of particulates (B) methods of improving air quality

38. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a possible health effect of particulates?

(A) death at an early age (B) burst of blood vessels in the brain

39. In the last paragraph, what does the word “minute” refer to?

(A) an official record of a meeting (B) sixty seconds

40. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about the impact of particulates on plants?

(A) Particulates interfere with photosynthesis functions of plants.

(B) Particulates block holes of plant leaves.

(D) Particulates nourish plants by providing extra nutrients.

Passage 2

Various research centers are studying identical twins in order to discover the “heritability” of behavioral characteristics—that

is, the degree to which a trait is due to genes instead of environment. They have reached some startling conclusions. One study

found, for example, that optimism and pessimism are both very much influenced by genes, but only optimism is also affected by

environment. According to another study, genes influence our coffee consumption, but not consumption of tea. Anxiety seems to

be 40 to 50 percent heritable. Another study tells us that happiness does not depend much on money or love or professional

success; instead, it is 80 percent heritable! Among the traits that appear to be largely heritable are shyness, attraction to danger

(thrill seeking), and choice of career.

41. According to the passage, which of the following traits is NOT heritable?

(A) love to drink tea (B) love to skydive (C) be nervous (D) be pessimistic

42. What is the best title for this passage?

(A) Human Traits (B) Heritability of Behavioral Characteristics

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43. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) A person’s consumption of coffee is influenced by his or her genes.

(B) Many behavioral characteristics are the results of genes, not environment.

(D) Happiness mainly depends on love and professional success.

44. What is the main idea of the passage?

(A) Some behavioral characteristics are found to be heritable to some degree.

(B) It is difficult to find out what personalities are influenced mainly by genes.

(D) Money and love cannot buy happiness.

Passage 3

Our current phase of overconsumption began about 30 years ago, when Americans began committing close to half of their

annual expenditures to nonnecessities. It was the beginning of a gradual decline in the cost of consumer goods, the growth of

everyday credit-card use and the rise of big-box stores and discount retailers that pushed their way into communities nationwide,

forcing down prices and profits for those competing around them.

In the past decade, the cost of cell phones, toys, computers and televisions has plunged, thanks in part to overseas

manufacturing. The rise of “fast fashion”—popularized by the growth of clothing outlets like Gap, Forever 21 and American

Eagle selling $10 T-shirts and $30 jeans—is now driven by low-cost imports H&M and Uniqlo. Today the average U.S. household

has about 248 pieces of clothing and 29 pairs of shoes. It purchases, on average, 64 garments and seven pairs of shoes annually, at

a total cost of $1,141 a year, or $16 per item.

45. When did the latest period of overconsumption start?

(A) right after World War II (B) in 1980s

46. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT the reason for Americans’ overconsumption?

(A) Americans frequently use credit-cards for everyday shopping.

(B) The price of consumer goods has been going down.

(D) All clothing outlets are selling low-cost garments.

47. According to the passage, which of the following brands is an import?

(A) H&M (B) Gap (C) American Eagle (D) Forever 21

48. How many pieces of clothing does the average American household buy every year?

(A) 29 (B) 16 (C) 64 (D) 248

49. The meaning of the word “plunged” in the passage is closest to ____.

(A) fallen (B) driven (C) picked (D) merged

50. What might be the best title for this passage?

(A) Americans’ Overconsumption (B) Economic Development in the U.S.

105年私醫英文

105 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B D D B B A D A C A

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

C A A B D B A B B C

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

B D A D A B C D C A

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

D C B A D C A D C C

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

A D B A D C B B C D

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一、字彙 (1~9 題，請選擇最適當的選項；第 10 題請選出與劃底線部分意義最接近的選項。)

1. There’s a lot more of coughs and colds and allergies and asthmas, which were not so ____ earlier.

2. My sister doesn’t like to do dishes because it is a ____ chore.

3. There is a ____ need for something to be done to save the Great Wall, the most famous Chinese architecture.

4. With a growing number of ____ concerning food safety, the DT Food Company was among the first companies that decided

to settle out of court with their customers.

5. Ten climbers ____ on Jade Mountain (Yushan) during the bad weather were rescued by a helicopter this morning.

6. In fact, a master's degree is an essential ____ for the position.

7. International interest in the ____ qualities of the Mediterranean diet began in the 1950s, when medical doctors started to link

occurrence of heart disease with diet.

8. He was dying from ____ because his diet doesn’t contain the right amount of nutrients.

9. It is estimated that ____ is associated with more than 110,000 deaths in the United States, and more than $6.1 billion is spent

on health care related to overweight problem.

10. The picture-bride system, according to author Yen Le Espiritu, was a form of “arranged marriage facilitated by the exchange

of photographs.”

二、語法與用法 (11~20 題，請選擇最適當的選項。)

11. Although some people ____ eat insects for food, most people never would.

12. Analysts estimate that the Boeing Company ____ over 1,000 aircrafts to China by the end of next year.

13. On this you can ____: I will always love you till death do us part.

14. Leo ____ many important historical figures during his life, and he looks forward to meeting many more.

15. The material culture of the Paleo-Indians differed little from ____ of other Stone Age peoples found in Asia, Africa, and

Europe.

16. ____ tilted toward the sun, the more heat it receives and the hotter it is.

105 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

英文科試題

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17. Parkish and many other scientists argue that genetic engineering can help address the urgent problems of food shortage by

increasing crop quantities, ____ crop varieties that resist pests and disease.

18. ____ the promise of the field, and the brilliant people who work in it, biomimetics has led to surprisingly very few business

successes.

19. Marie is one of those persons who enjoy ____ from first to last at the party.

20. Writers sometimes make references to things outside the text, ____ that the reader will understand the references.

三、短文填空 (21~35 題，請選擇最適當的選項。)

Passage 1

A report says thousands of children as young as eight are working in 21 conditions on tobacco farms in countries of

South Asia, putting them 22 cancer, respiratory problems and nicotine poisoning. However, all the Ministries of Foreign

Affairs of these countries have 23 comment on the report.

Passage 2

In the past, there was a stigma associated with homeschooling because it was traditionally for students who had behavioral

or learning 24 and could not keep up with the rest of the class. Today, there are many compelling arguments for educating

one’s children at home. Some of them stem from 25 with the mainstream education system. Teacher shortages and lack of

funding mean that, in many schools, one teacher is responsible for 30 or 40 pupils; children are often 26 the attention they

need. Bullying and increasing classroom violence have also motivated some parents to remove their children from school. To

these parents, homeschooling provides a way for them to monitor their children’s education more closely. Children can also

choose what and when to study, thus 27 them to learn at their own pace. Advocates of homeschooling point out that

homeschooled children do just as well or better than those who are classroom-taught, and a striking number gain 28 to

prestigious universities.

Passage 3

Nearby Brenham County, schools canceled all classes for Friday 29 heavy rains and just further north, a “low grade”

tornado 30 parts of Brazos County about 12:30 p.m. Thursday. No one has been reported 31 , but several buildings suffered

roof damage and trees were uprooted, according to the county's emergency management office.

105 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

英文科試題

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Passage 4

When I heard about Professor Duneier’s Sociology MOOC, I was excited but also a bit anxious because I had never taken

a completely online course before. In 32 of the class, I e-mailed Professor Duneier with many of my questions. He graciously

replied, but for him, too, this was going to be a new experience. Knowing this actually helped me to relax a little. One 33 I

had about distance learning was that self-motivation and self-discipline would play a 34 role in my success. I knew it would

be easy to fall behind because the classes were not going to be at a set time. This turned out to be true. I also knew that learning

35 the internet might also pose other problems.

四、閱讀測驗 (36~50 題，請選擇最適當的選項。)

Passage 1

The invention of the electric telegraph gave birth to the communications industry. Although Samuel B. Morse succeeded in

making the invention useful in 1837, it was not until 1843 that the first telegraph line of consequence was constructed. By 1860

more than 50,000 miles of lines connected people east of the Rockies. The following year, San Francisco was added to the

network.

The national telegraph network fortified the ties between East and West and contributed to the repaid expansion of the

railroads by providing an efficient means to monitor schedules and routes. Furthermore, the extension of the telegraph, combined

with the invention of the steam-driven rotary printing press by Richard M. Hoe in 1846, revolutionized the world of journalism.

Where the business of news gathering had been dependent upon the mail and on hand-operated presses, the telegraph expanded

the amount of information a newspaper could supply and allowed for more timely reporting. The establishment of the Associated

Press as a central wire service in 1846 marked the advent of a new era in journalism.

36. According to the passage, how did the telegraph enhance the business of news gathering?

Ⓐ By monitoring schedules and routes for the railroads Ⓑ By expanding the railroads

37. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

Ⓐ Morse’s invention did not immediately achieve its full potential

Ⓑ Morse did not make a significant contribution to the communications industry

Ⓓ journalists have the Associated Press to thank for the birth of the communications industry

38. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the growth of the communications industry?

Ⓐ The telegraph helped connect the entire nation.

Ⓑ People could use the telegraph in San Francisco in 1861.

Ⓓ The telegraph lead to the invention of the rotary printing press.

Passage 2

Globalization is the integration of international trades, products, business ties, cultures and etc. Since the 1970s, more and

more countries have opened their markets for each other and helped transform the world economy into a free global market.

Based on the World Bank’s report, one of its major proponents, economic globalization has reaped many benefits and helped

reduce poverty in many developing countries. Globalization advocates claim that economies in developing countries have

received many benefits from new opportunities that they can promote their goods worldwide through the internet. Research also

105 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

英文科試題

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shows that with the integration of local economies into the world economy, there has been a great income increase in twenty four

countries with more than three billion people of their population.

However, critics suggest that economic globalization is actually harming the local economy and is widening the gap

between the rich and the poor. For instance, with large-scale manufacturers begin to produce the same goods in a more efficient

way or when big companies like COSTCO or Carrefour get in the local areas, home-based businesses and small businesses will

be crowded out for sure. Moreover, the poor people, the illiterate, unskilled workers, and aboriginal peoples in the developing

countries never benefit from the integration of world economy.

Despite the pros and cons of globalization, there seem to be no turning back on this issue. With the advances in technology,

we are already living in an interconnected world that allows us to exchange goods and ideas. The real challenge now is to figure

out a way to create a fair global market that benefit all.

39. What is the best title for this passage?

Ⓐ The benefit of globalization for the world as a whole Ⓑ The benefit of globalization in developing countries

40. According to the World Bank’s report, what is the major benefit from globalization?

Ⓐ It reduces people’s salaries. Ⓑ It puts people to work.

41. What does the word “advocates” refer to?

42. In the passage, what does the phrase “crowded out” refer to?

Ⓐ find out a solution Ⓑ get out of globalization

43. What is the conclusion for this passage?

Ⓐ Globalization is beneficial for developing countries.

Ⓑ Globalization should take everyone’s interest into consideration.

Ⓓ Globalization will fail.

Passage 3

What used to be thought of as prestigious is now being considered as a toxic asset. Student loan debt is soaring as the

rising generation is diving head first into an era where young adults are unable to save and invest their money. This isn’t only

taking a toll on their personal lives, but it is causing long-term harm to America’s economy.

Student debt is climbing every year. This is limiting graduates’ income and holding them back from buying a home, a car,

and even from getting married. A report issued by John Burns estimates that the heavy debt is reducing home sales by 8 percent.

In fact, every $250 paid towards student loan debt reduces the amount that a consumer can borrow for a mortgage by $44,000.

According to USA Today, a new study from student aid experts, based on government financial data, shows the average debt is

now $33,000. The hole we are digging our graduates in just keeps getting deeper and deeper with very little hope.

44. What does the word “toxic” mean?

45. According to the report, which is true?

Ⓐ The reporter encourages students in America to apply for tuition loan.

Ⓑ Student loan debt helps boom American economy.

Ⓓ Student loan debt causes long term harm to America’s economy.

105 學年度私立醫學校院聯合招考轉學生考試

英文科試題

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46. According to the report, most students with loan debt are held back from ____.

Ⓐ entering a private company Ⓑ searching for a job

47. According to the report, a lot of young adults are not able to save money because ____.

Ⓐ they like to go to expensive restaurants Ⓑ they have to pay back student loans

Passage 4

Modern technology has changed our everyday life drastically. For example, with the advance of internet technology,

written communications are conducted in electronic form and the delivery time is no more than a few seconds, even from one

country to another.

Computer technology has also made it possible to run a house electronically. From turning lights on and off on a regular

schedule to starting the coffee and cooking the hot cereal, computers are taking care of people at home. Many modern machines

(e.g., kitchen appliances) contain computer chips that allow their owners to program them. For instance, you can “instruct” a

microwave oven how to cook a certain dish. You can program your electric or gas range, dishwasher, washing machine and dryer,

etc., to “do the housework” on their own. Most entertainment equipment operates with computer technology too: some examples

are radios, television sets, VCRs (i.e., videocassette recorders), which can be set up electronically to go on and off, go to certain

channels or stations, record specific programs at certain times, and so on. Computers can even start cars automatically so that on

cold winter mornings you can get into a warmed-up vehicle and drive off. And of course, the typical U.S. family has a

microcomputer (a computer that fits on a table or desk) in their home, which they use for everything from keeping household

records and writing letters to playing computer games.

Although much of the technology in our everyday lives has positive effects, there are some uses that raise controversial

issues and questions. For example, are interactive media (i.e., a combination of television, telephone and computer) going to

control minds, destroy privacy, and cause people to forget about family life and personal relationships? What effects will the

genetic engineering of foods (e.g., changing the gene structure of fruits and vegetables) have on people’s health? High-tech

medical treatments (organ transplants, changing the gene structure, etc.) can increase the longevity of individuals, but can they

improve the health and happiness of human beings in general? Only time will tell, but in the meantime, science and technology

will continue to move forward.

48. These paragraphs would most likely appear in ____.

49. What is the overall message of these paragraphs?

Ⓐ Longevity is the ultimate goal of technology.

Ⓑ Convenience is the ultimate goal of technology.

Ⓓ In general, technology has negative effects on people’s life styles.

50. What would be the best title for these paragraphs?

Ⓐ How to prevent abuses of modern technology Ⓑ How to run a house electronically

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2020年3月15日 星期日

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